Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adult Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threating immune dysregulation syndrome characterized by persistent activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system leading to uncontrolled systemic hyperinflammatory response. The proliferation and activation of histiocytes and lymphocytes lead to production of large amounts of cytokines, also called cytokine storm. Hematopoiet...

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Histoplasmosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in immunocompromised hosts is a fulminant syndrome of immune activation with high rates of mortality that may be triggered by infections or immunodeficiency. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disorder is necessary to prevent progression to multiorgan failure and death. We report a case of HLH in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus, ...

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis.

Unexpected disseminated histoplasmosis detected by bone marrow biopsy in a solid organ transplant patient

Disseminated histoplasmosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis show overlapping features, which require careful contextual interpretation. Histopathologic evaluation can potentially rapidly identify cases of possible histoplasmosis. A high index of clinical suspicion, particularly in endemic areas and in a setting of immunosuppression, is critical to appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Disseminated histoplasmosis associated with acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome caused by uncontrolled activation of lymphocytes and histiocytes resulting in high levels of cytokines. Acquired HLH occurs in autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, and immunosuppressive disorders. Prompt identification and treatment of an underlying triggering cause improves clinical outcome.